In the Andean cosmovision, volcanoes represent deities that are the subject of devotion and offerings during both ceremonial occasions and everyday prayers. In the Andes region, volcanism is a multidimensional phenomenon that permeates different aspects of the everyday life and worldview of human societies. Our data suggest that the volcanic features of the Atacama highlands were integrated into the mobility and interaction networks of ancient hunter-gatherer groups at an early date. By comparing the artifacts with geological samples collected in the field, it was possible to assign the source of origin of a large part of the archaeological assemblages. In these places, we also document large quarry-workshops and campsites from different periods, indicating intense and repeated human occupation over time. Field surveys enabled us to detect many of their sources related to volcanic features such as craters, maars, caldera-domes, lava flows, probable hydrothermal deposits, and ignimbrites. Petrological classification of the lithic assemblages of three Early Holocene archaeological sites showed the procurement of a great diversity of volcanic and subvolcanic rocks, including pumice, granitic rocks, micro-diorites, a large variety of tuffs and andesites, dacites, cherts, basalts, obsidians, among others. By studying rocks used for stone tools and other everyday artifacts, we explore the volcanic landscapes of early hunter-gatherer groups (11,500–9,500 cal BP) of the highlands of the Atacama Desert (22–24°S/67–68°W). Since ancient times Andean societies have formed an intimate relationship with volcanoes, the beginnings of which can be traced right back to the initial peopling of the region. 6Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geográficas, Facultad de Educación y Humanidades, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.5Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Santiago, Chile.4Comunidad Atacameña de Toconao, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile.3Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.2UMR 8068 Technologie et Ethnologie des Mondes PréhistoriqueS, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France.1Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile.Hunt your way through two unique and rich locations by car or by foot.Rodrigo Loyola 1,2* Valentina Figueroa 1 Lautaro Núñez 1 Marco Vasquez 3 Christian Espíndola 4 Millarca Valenzuela 3,5 Manuel Prieto 6.Hunt like a pro with features that highlight animal signs, blood splatter analysis, and shot review with the rewindable bullet camera.Dozens of strikingly detailed animal species with realistic behavior models for a truly immersive hunting experience.Learn what it means to be a true hunter and put your skills to the test.įace the challenges of ethical hunting, supported by a compelling story, or simply enjoy hunting the rich environments freely. Witness the changing of complex ecosystems that react and adapt to your input. Way of the Hunter provides a highly immersive, completely integrated experience amongst stunning wildlife with true to live animal group behavior. Discover true to life animals in beautiful natural habitats and handle various detailed and highly realistic weapons. This authentic hunting experience lets you explore and hunt in large open-world environments in the USA and Europe.
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